This CSA Short Course, taught at CEC/ICMC ’15 by internationally recognized experts, started with a study of cryocooler fundamentals, such as thermodynamics and heat transfer, followed by a description of how these principles are used in the various types of gas-cycle cryocoolers to achieve temperatures from about 2 K to 150 K. A major new part of the course was an in-depth focus on space applications of cryocoolers, presented by Dr. Ron Ross, ret. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The course also covered space cryocoolers and their requirements, integration issues, performance measurements and mission results.